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Carlson's Raid: The Daring Marine Assault on Makin, by George W. Smith
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Led by Lieutenant Colonel Evans Carlson, the 2nd Marine Raider commandos were the celebrated "Gung Ho Battalion." In August 1942, as a diversion to the invasion of Guad-alcanal, the 219 Raiders traveled 2,000 miles by submarine to Makin Atoll. In one of the most daring attacks of World War II, they caused substantial damage to the Japanese-before making a nightmarishly hazardous withdrawal.
To an America badly in need of heroes, Carlson's Raid was the answer to a prayer. But the raid's long-term consequences were bloodier than anyone could have imagined. And, ultimately, the controversial Carlson's high profile would be his undoing.
This is the full story of that daring mission, its unforeseen consequences, and the decision made when the fighting was toughest-kept secret for fifty years-that would have brought a far different conclusion to the famous Makin Raid.
- Sales Rank: #2379962 in Books
- Published on: 2003-07-01
- Released on: 2003-07-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.96" h x .80" w x 6.06" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 288 pages
About the Author
George W. Smith recently retired after 25 years with the Hartford Courant. He is the author of The Siege at Hue.
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Unfortunate distractions
By M.D.Crane
Glad this book was written and I looked forward to reading it once I bought a copy. I have to say, though, that I was surprised that something authored by a journalist with twenty-five years experience could turn out a book so poorly written.
The historical facts seem to be all there, but they are presented with cheesy and sometimes irrelevant anecdotes that distract rather than add to the narrative. One example is the story, (joke), about the San Diego man who was drowned by someone in order to get his apartment. Numerous examples of amateurish writing included referring to one Marine assigned to safeguard the large 5-gallon gas can, (as opposed to the small 5-gallon gas can?), or telling about the two unoccupied rafts that broke away and raced towards shore; that left a curious visual, as unpowered boats could not have raced anywhere. "Drifted" would have been a better term to use, as the motors would not have been running while the rafts were being loaded.
The author did give me an out before I got too far into the book, though, by mentioning that one of the Raiders, Lt. Oscar Peatross, who he considered to be the "premier historian" of the Makin raid, had written what was recognized as the most accurate and thorough account of the Makin raid: "Bless 'Em All : the Raider Marines of World War II." I was lucky enough to find a copy of Peatross' book in my local library system and thought about dropping this one before the other came in. I do like to read multiple accounts of history, though, so decided to read the rest, distractions and all, in the hopes the writing would improve.
As a Marine, I do appreciate the author's dedication to documenting this moment in our history, but do wish he would have had better quality control support in his attempt at it.
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Factual histories reveal how messy reality is...
By Alan D. Cranford
Evans Fordyce Carlson was a loose cannon. The Raider concept was "emerging doctrine" (MilSpeak for "make up stuff as the situation develops"). Carlson's legacy is the modern Marine Corps fire team--a humble honor that Carlson would probably appreciate. As for the official record, "maverick" is an understatement.
George W. Smith begins "Carlson's Raid" with the events of Sunday, December 7, 1941 at Pearl Harbor. The author also gives a brief biography of Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, a key player in the Raider story. James Roosevelt, FDR's son and Carlson's battalion executive officer, and of course the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt, were the reason that Carlson wound up with one of the two Raider battalions. The Marine Corps was bitterly opposed to forming any "special force" because the official dogma was that every Marine was special. (Note: in 2005 the United States Marine Corps finally recanted this long-held doctrine and established a presence in the Special Operations Command--SOCOM. "Carlson's Raid" was published prior to this event and only time will tell how this radical change will affect the Corps.)
The bulk of the book is about the Makin raid from preparation to aftermath. One chapter is devoted to Carlson's Raiders' Long Patrol and another is devoted to the disbanding of the Raiders. I like bibliographies and indexes because they allow me to go to other sources and quickly find things.
I came to the conclusion that the Makin Raid was a defeat for Headquarters Marine Corps because even after being organized and equipped specifically for raiding and undergoing extensive (for the time) training the raid was all but a disaster. This was an HQMC defeat because it proved that "ordinary Marine line companies" were NOT capable of conducting Makin Island type operations. The Raider companies themselves needed refinement in training and better equipment. Radios and outboard motors were not up to the task of keeping raid elements in touch with the mother ship or each other, and of crashing through the surf line. No wonder Raider units were "squandered" as line infantry on Guadalcanal and then disbanded! The Para-Marines were never used as parachute infantry, either.
I think that "Carlson's Raid" is great history because it shows how fouled up war fighting can be. Smith leaves me with more questions than answers, which is a good thing. There are gaps in the record on the Makin Island operation. George W. Smith put a lot of information into "Carlson's Raid" because military operations do not happen in a clinical, isolated setting. FDR's "interference" in "military operations" and the Hollywood connection (the movie "Gung Ho!") all cloud the issue of success and failure. In military operations the difference between defeat and victory is often merely a matter of opinion.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Advent of the commando concept in the U.S.M.C.
By Captain Sternn
In the first half of World War II, things looked very bleak for the allies. The German and Japanese military were presumed to be invincible, by the more pessimistic observers. Germany had over-run Europe and North Africa, and almost defeated the Soviet Union in October of 1941. The Japanese had over-run much of East Asia and half of the Pacific Ocean. The Axis Powers were planning to link-up in India, and to most of the world, it seemed that this was innevitable.
In Britain, a nation crippled by its losses in the disaster at Dunkirk, Winston Churchill refused to wait for the prospective German invasion of his nation. Believing that any manner of offensive action would be better than doing nothing at all, Churchill authorized the formation of elite raiding units, the Commandos. This was the birth of modern military special-operations.
The Commando-concept found much resistance from the typically closed-minds of intellectually-mediocre, inner-circle, military careerists who always seem to dominate armed-forces bureaucracy. Unfortunately, the U.S. Marine Corps had its share of such uninspired conformists. However, not everyone was opposed to such "radical" ideas.
Franklin Roosevelt, inspired by the commando successes reported by Churchill, gave his endorsement to the formation of American commando units. Roosevelt's son James was a Marine Corps officer, and was among the first eager advocates. James Roosevelt would serve as XO under his friend, Evans Carlson, in the 2nd Raider Battalion. This should not have been such a contentious issue for the U.S.M.C. After all, the Marines historically had always been a raiding-force, by their vary nature as ship-borne infantry. As the Army formed the Ranger units, the U.S.M.C. formed its own commando group, the Raiders.
Here is the story of Evans Carlson, James Roosevelt, the Marine Corps Raiders, and the raid on Makin Island.
Conducted as a diversion for the larger Marine landings on Guadalcanal, the Makin raid was an operation of questionable value in some respects. The raid did result in the capture of useful intelligence documents, and valuable experience was gained. Sadly, as is common in such daring under-takings, things did not go as well in the conduct and extraction phases as theycould have. There are always unforseen hazards, despite how thorough the planning and the rehearsals may be. The Makin raid almost became an absolute disaster, but the Raiders prevailed.
Earlier histories of the Raiders have alluded to the controversial nature of Lt.Col. Carlson and his eccentric politics, without going into much detail. Finally, we have a bit more of the story. There were suspicions by some, that Carlson was a communist, as he had temporarilly accompanied the Chinese communist forces in China prior to World War II. This is where he learned about guerilla-warfare, and the value of a raiding force. Carlson was openly a socialist, but also a Christian, and certainly no communist. Although I can not identify with his socialist idealism, I can sympathize with his sincere belief in democracy and egalitarianism.
Carlson communicated openly with all his personnel, group discussions were held that included all ranks. He believed it was hypocrytical for military personnel serving a democratic nation, to be subjected to dictatorial and un-democratic leadership. He despised blind obediance, and endorsed the concept that democracy requires thinking human beings, not puppets. As a veteran, I believe this is a basic fact that still needs to be addressed in our military. Being an American means being free. A volunteer serving in the armed forces should never forget that fact. Naturally, there are circumstances that demand strict adherance to orders, but common-sense people are aware of this. The Raiders did too. Like all of us, Carlson may have been overly idealistic and naiive in some of his views (socialism), but in the grand scheme, he was a true visionary. In short, he was a free-thinking non-conformist, and I believe his heart was in the right place.
Carlson would be pleased to know that his influence on the Marine Corps was not forgotten, and not in vain. His "Gung Ho" philosophy of team-work and egalitarianism amongst Marines is still there, more prominent in some units than in others, but more prominent in the Marines than in any other service.
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